Inserción laboral de los titulados universitarios. Informe ULE 2002

p. 41El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar el proceso de inserción laboral de los titulados en la Universidad de León en los cursos 97-98 y 99-00, las características de los puestos a los que acceden (tanto en el caso del primer empleo como en el actual), así como las valoraciones que realizan sobre la utilidad y la calidad de los conocimientos adquiridos durante su estancia en la universidad y de las actividades complementarias de formació

The inflammatory potential of diet and pain incidence: a cohort study in older adults

This article has been accepted for publication in The Journals of Gerontology: Series A Published by Oxford University PressBackground: Pain is a highly prevalent and on-the-rise symptom with heavy associated healthcare and social burdens among older adults, yet evidence regarding its prevention is inadequate. The growing knowledge on how diet regulates inflammation may be utilized for pain prevention. Objective: To examine the association of 3-year changes in the inflammatory potential of diet (2008-2010 to 2012) with pain incidence over the subsequent 3 years (2012 to 2014-2015) among older adults. Methods: We used data from 820 individuals aged ≥60 years and free of pain in 2012, drawn from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort study in Spain. Food consumption was collected with a validated diet history, and the inflammatory potential of diet was estimated via the a priori empirical dietary inflammatory index (EDII) and the a posteriori dietary inflammatory index (DII). The frequency, severity (impact on daily activities), and number of locations of incident pain were combined into a scale that classified subjects as suffering from no pain, intermediate pain, and highest pain. The associations were summarized with relative risk ratios (RRR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI), estimated with multinomial logistic regression, and adjusted for potential sociodemographic, lifestyle, and morbidity confounders. Results: Shifting the diet towards a higher inflammatory potential was associated with a subsequent increased risk of intermediate pain [fully adjusted RRR (95% CI) per 1-point increment in the EDII=1.30 (1.03,1.65)] and highest pain [DII=1.14 (1.03,1.26)]. The three components of the pain scale followed similar trends, the most consistent one being with moderate-to-severe pain [EDII=1.26 (1.04,1.54); DII=1.12 (1.01,1.24)]. The association of increasing DII with highest incident pain was only apparent among the least physically active subjects [1.35 (1.17,1.56) vs 0.96 (0.83,1.10); p for interaction <0.001]. Conclusions: An increase in the inflammatory potential of diet was associated with higher pain incidence over the following years. Future studies in older adults should assess the efficacy of pain prevention interventions targeting the inflammatory potential of dietThe present study was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, State Secretary of R+D+I and FEDER/FSE (FIS grants 16/1512, 18/287, and 19/319

Lymphopenia Is Associated With Poor Outcomes of Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Sepsis

Infecció; Limfopènia; ResultatsInfección; Linfopenia; ResultadosInfection; Lymphopenia; OutcomesBackground Lymphopenia is a marker of poor prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), yet its impact on outcomes in patients with CAP and sepsis remains unknown. We aim to investigate the impact of lymphopenia on outcomes, risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality in CAP patients with sepsis. Methods This was a retrospective, observational study of prospectively collected data from an 800-bed tertiary teaching hospital (2005–2019). Results Of the 2203 patients with CAP and sepsis, 1347 (61%) did not have lymphopenia, while 856 (39%) did. When compared with the nonlymphopenic group, patients with sepsis and lymphopenia more frequently required ICU admission (P = .001), had a longer hospital length of stay (P ˂ .001), and presented with a higher rate of in-hospital (P ˂ .001) and 30-day mortality (P = .001). Multivariable analysis showed that C-reactive protein ≥15 mg/dL, lymphopenia, pleural effusion, and acute respiratory distress syndrome within 24 hours of admission were risk factors for ICU admission; age ≥80 years was independently associated with decreased ICU admission. In addition, age ≥80 years, chronic renal disease, chronic neurologic disease, being a nursing home resident, lymphopenia, and pleural effusion were independently associated with increased 30-day mortality, whereas pneumococcal vaccination, diabetes mellitus, and fever were independently associated with reduced 30-day mortality. Conclusions Lymphopenia was independently associated with risk of ICU admission and higher in-hospital and 30-day mortality in patients with CAP and sepsis. Early identification of lymphopenia could help identify septic patients with CAP who require or will shortly require critical care.This study was supported by CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0028) and by 2009 Support to Research Groups of Catalonia 911, IDIBAPS. Dr Cillóniz is the recipient of the SEPAR fellowship 2018 and a grant from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PI19/00207). The sponsor had no role in the design of the study, collection and analysis of the data, or preparation of the manuscript

Presencia y resistencia a antimicrobianos de Escherichia coli aislados a partir de alimentos en el estado de Hidalgo (México)

The presence of Escherichia coli in foods taken from the grocery stores and the supermarkets in Hidalgo State (Mexico) was determined for 73 samples of poultry meat, 60 samples of pork, 86 samples of beef, and 66 samples of vegetables. A total of 352 E. coli strains were isolated, identified, and analyzed by an agar disk diffusion assay for their resistance to 10 antimicrobials. Poultry meat and vegetables taken from groceries showed significantly higher counts (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.0461, respectively) when compared with the samples taken from supermarkets. Compared with the isolates recovered from other foods, E. coli isolated from chicken meat had higher levels of antimicrobial resistance against all antimicrobials tested, with the exceptions of nitrofurantoin resistance of isolates from pork and streptomycin resistance in isolates from pork and beef. In addition, the E. coli isolates from samples taken from the groceries showed higher resistance rates than the isolates from samples taken from the supermarkets for the cases of pork isolates resistance to ampicillin (P = 0.0497), chloramphenicol (P = 0.0075), doxycycline (P = 0.002), and streptomycin (P = 0.0094) and beef isolates resistance against ampicillin (P = 0.0048), streptomycin (P = 0.002), and sulfisoxazole (P = 0.003). The present study revealed that the observed resistance rates correlated well with those reported in the national surveillance programmes of developed countries, with the exception of isolates from chicken meat, which have higher resistance rates. Also, from a microbiological safety point of view, samples taken from supermarkets were in a much better conditions than those obtained from the groceriesLa presencia de Escherichia coli fue investigada en 73 muestras de carne de pollo, 60 muestras de carne de cerdo, 86 muestras de carne de vacuno y 66 muestras de alimentos vegetales muestreados en pequeños ultramarinos y supermercados en el estado de Hidalgo (México). Un total de 352 aislamientos de E. coli fueron seleccionados, identificados y analizados mediante el método de difusión en disco para determinar su resistencia a 10 antimicrobianos. Las muestras de pollo y vegetales obtenidas en tiendas de alimentación mostraron recuentos de E. coli significativamente mayores (P = 0,0002 y P = 0,0461 respectivamente) que las obtenidas en supermercados. Comparados con los procedentes de los restantes alimentos, los E. coli obtenidos a partir de carne de pollo mostraron un mayor grado de resistencia a todos los antimicrobianos estudiados, excepto en lo referente a la nitrofurantoína en el caso de los aislados a partir de carne de cerdo y la estreptomicina respecto de los aislamientos de carne de cerdo y vacuno. Adicionalmente, en algunos casos, los E. coli obtenidos a partir de alimentos muestreados en pequeños ultramarinos mostraron mayores tasas de resistencia que los procedentes de alimentos muestreados en supermercados. Esto ocurrió en los aislamientos procedentes de carne de cerdo para la ampicilina (P = 0,0497), cloranfenicol (P = 0,0075), doxiciclina (P = 0,002) y estreptomicina (P = 0,0094), y en el caso de la carne de vacuno para la ampicilina (P = 0,0048), estreptomicina (P = 0,002) y sulfizoxazol (P = 0,003). El presente estudio demuestra que las tasas de resistencia observadas son compatibles con las publicadas en los programas nacionales de vigilancia de los países desarrollados, con la excepción de los aislamientos procedentes de carne de pollo, en los cuales las tasas de resistencia tienden a ser mayores. Además, desde el punto de vista de la seguridad microbiológica, las muestras obtenidas en supermercados mostraron condiciones significativamente mejores que las obtenidas en tiendas de alimentaciónThe authors are thankful for financial support from Dirección Xeral de Investigación, Desenvolvemento e Innovación (Xunta de Galicia) (grant IN843A2007/42), and CONACYT (Project CB-2006–61310)S

Graduados y empleo en la Universidad de León

p. 88Este resumen recoge una síntesis de las principales conclusiones extraídas del Estudio sobre los Graduados Universitarios Españoles para el caso de la Universidad de León. La finalidad principal del mismo es analizar el empleo y la transición laboral de los titulados de la Universidad de León durante los primeros años después de su graduació

Can artificial intelligence improve the management of pneumonia

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) to support clinical medical decisions is a rather promising concept. There are two important factors that have driven these advances: the availability of data from electronic health records (EHR) and progress made in computational performance. These two concepts are interrelated with respect to complex mathematical functions such as machine learning (ML) or neural networks (NN). Indeed, some published articles have already demonstrated the potential of these approaches in medicine. When considering the diagnosis and management of pneumonia, the use of AI and chest X-ray (CXR) images primarily have been indicative of early diagnosis, prompt antimicrobial therapy, and ultimately, better prognosis. Coupled with this is the growing research involving empirical therapy and mortality prediction, too. Maximizing the power of NN, the majority of studies have reported high accuracy rates in their predictions. As AI can handle large amounts of data and execute mathematical functions such as machine learning and neural networks, AI can be revolutionary in supporting the clinical decision-making processes. In this review, we describe and discuss the most relevant studies of AI in pneumonia

Sedentarismo en la población de 18 a 64 años de la ciudad de Pereira, 2020.

Cuando se habla de conductas sedentarias por lo general se habla de aquellas actividades que se realizan estando sentado, acostado o reclinado sin estar dormido. Los comportamientos sedentarios están asociados a enfermedades que generan grandes costos.En la actualidad en Pereira, no se cuenta con un registro actualizado que permita conocer la prevalencia de sedentarismo en la población adulta y en sí, en ningún momento del ciclo vital.Estudio epidemiológico de prevalencia. En el cual la variable de estudio es el comportamiento sedentario en la población entre 18 a 64 años de edad del municipio de Pereira. La población se tomó del DANE en donde se espera que en Pereira viven 74025 en 2020. A partir de allí se calculó una muestra representativa aleatoria de 950 personas, las cuales serán seleccionadas a través de técnicas de georreferenciación.Resultados esperados: generar información útil para la toma de decisiones en salud pública

Impact of Cefotaxime Non-susceptibility on the Clinical Outcomes of Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia

Background: We aimed to analyze the impact of cefotaxime non-susceptibility on the 30-day mortality rate in patients receiving a third-generation cephalosporin for pneumococcal bacteremic pneumonia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of prospectively collected data from the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. All adult patients with monomicrobial bacteremic pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and treated with a third-generation cephalosporin from January 1991 to December 2016 were included. Risk factors associated with 30-day mortality were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: During the study period, 721 eligible episodes were identified, and data on the susceptibility to cefotaxime was obtainable for 690 episodes. Sixty six (10%) cases were due to a cefotaxime non-susceptible strain with a 30-day mortality rate of 8%. Variables associated with 30-day mortality were age, chronic liver disease, septic shock, and the McCabe score. Infection by a cefotaxime non-susceptible S. pneumoniae did not increase the mortality rate. Conclusion: Despite the prevalence of cefotaxime, non-susceptible S. pneumoniae has increased in recent years. We found no evidence to suggest that patients hospitalized with bacteremic pneumonia due to these strains had worse clinical outcomes than patients with susceptible strains

Silk-reinforced collagen hydrogels with raised multiscale stiffness for mesenchymal cells 3D culture

Type I collagen hydrogels are of high interest in tissue engineering. With the evolution of 3D bioprinting technologies, a high number of collagen-based scaffolds have been reported for the development of 3D cell cultures. A recent proposal was to mix collagen with silk fibroin derived from Bombyx mori silkworm. Nevertheless, due to the difficulties in the preparation and the characteristics of the protein, several problems such as phase separation and collagen denaturation appear during the procedure. Therefore, the common solution is to diminish the concentration of collagen although in that way the most biologically relevant component is reduced. In this study, we present a new, simple, and effective method to develop a collagen-silk hybrid hydrogel with high collagen concentration and with increased stiffness approaching that of natural tissues, which could be of high interest for the development of cardiac patches for myocardial regeneration and for preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to improve their therapeutic potential. Sericin in the silk was preserved by using a physical solubilizing procedure that results in a preserved fibrous structure of type I collagen, as shown by ultrastructural imaging. The macro- and micromechanical properties of the hybrid hydrogels measured by tensile stretch and atomic force microscopy, respectively, showed a more than twofold stiffening than the collagen-only hydrogels. Rheological measurements showed improved printability properties for the developed biomaterial. The suitability of the hydrogels for 3D cell culture was assessed by 3D bioprinting bone marrow-derived MSCs cultured within the scaffolds. The result was a biomaterial with improved printability characteristics that better resembled the mechanical properties of natural soft tissues while preserving biocompatibility owing to the high concentration of collagen. Impact statement In this study, we report the development of silk microfiber-reinforced type I collagen hydrogels for 3D bioprinting and cell culture. In contrast with previously reported studies, a novel physical method allowed the preservation of the silk sericin protein. Hydrogels were stable, showed no phase separation between the biomaterials, and they presented improved printability. An increase between two- and threefold of the multiscale stiffness of the scaffolds was achieved with no need of using additional crosslinkers or complex methods, which could be of high relevance for cardiac patches development and for preconditioning mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for therapeutic applications. We demonstrate that bone marrow-derived MSCs can be effectively bioprinted and 3D cultured within the stiffened structures.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Sciences, Innovation and Universities (DPI2017-83721-P and PGC2018-097323-A-I00) and by the Marie Sklodowska- Curie Action, Innovative Training Networks 2018, EU Grant Agreement no. 812772.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version